Generative AI, Publication Ethics, and Malpractice Statement

Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement compiled in accordance with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE’s) Guidelines and Scopus Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement Requirements.

STATEMENT ON THE USE OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (GENAI)

1. Scope and Purpose

This statement outlines the ethical use, disclosure, and oversight of Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the submission, peer review, and editorial processes of this journal. It aligns with the principles and best practices established by leading organizations in academic publishing, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (link).

2. Definition

Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence technologies capable of producing text, images, or other content in response to user inputs. Tools such as ChatGPT, DALL-E, and similar models fall under this category.

3. Principles and Standards

3.1. Ethical Use (COPE Guidelines)

Authors, reviewers, and editors must adhere to. GenAI may assist in minor aspects of the publishing process (e.g., language editing) but must not replace human intellectual contributions or create fabricated content.

3.2. Transparency

Authors are required to disclose the use of GenAI in their manuscripts. Disclosure must explicitly state which tools were used and for what purposes.

3.3. Authorship and Accountability

GenAI tools cannot be credited as authors, as they do not meet authorship criteria: substantial intellectual contribution, drafting or revising the work, and accountability for content. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and ethical compliance of their submissions, even if AI tools were used.

3.4. Peer Review Integrity

Peer reviewers using GenAI tools must disclose such use to the editorial board; AI tools may provide suggestions or summaries but cannot replace critical analysis or professional judgment required for peer review.

4. Acceptable Uses of Generative AI

Language Refinement: Authors may use GenAI for grammar correction, syntax improvements, or stylistic edits; Data Representation: AI-generated charts or images are acceptable if the data source is clearly cited and visualizations are verified; Idea Generation: AI tools can assist in brainstorming or exploring research frameworks but should not contribute original hypotheses or conclusions.

5. Prohibited Uses of Generative AI

Fabrication or Manipulation: AI must not be used to generate false data, references, or conclusions. Plagiarism: Using AI-generated content without proper attribution is a violation of ethical publishing standards. Misrepresentation: Authors must not misrepresent AI-generated work as their own intellectual contribution.

6. Disclosure Requirements

All authors must provide a clear disclosure statement regarding the use of GenAI if they used it in writing the paper. The statement should include the name(s) of the tool(s) used; specific tasks where the tool was applied (e.g., language editing, visualization).

Example Disclosure Statement: "Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, were used for language editing and improving the clarity of the manuscript. All intellectual content, research design, and data analysis were conducted solely by the authors."

7. Editorial Oversight

Editors will evaluate disclosed AI use during the review process to ensure it complies with this policy. Manuscripts suspected of undisclosed AI-generated content may undergo further scrutiny, including plagiarism detection tools or re-submission requests.

8. Consequences of Misuse

In alignment with COPE’s misconduct policies, violations of this policy may result in: Rejection of the manuscript; Retraction of published articles if ethical breaches are discovered post-publication; Notification to institutions, funders, or other stakeholders, where appropriate.

Examples of AI Statement in Manuscripts

Example 1. Source: RE: "How Artificial Intelligence Differs From Humans in Peer Review" (Chen, 2026). DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2025.10.008.

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process

During the preparation of this work the author used Gemini in order to assist in its preparation. After using it, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Example 2. Source: "Internally Heated Sodium Hypochlorite for Endodontic Irrigation: A Narrative Review of Efficacy and Clinical Applicability" (Abdellatif, 2025). DOI:10.14744/eej.2025.64872

Use of AI for Writing Assistance

The authors declared that artificial intelligence was not used in this article.

1. Plagiarism: Process for Identification of and Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct

Plagiarism is when an author passes of the work of someone else as his or her own. This can also include self-plagiarism, which happens when an author reuses portions of his or her previously published work without the proper references. Manuscripts containing plagiarized content will not be considered for publication in Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.

All authors need to take responsibility for their manuscripts. If your name is on a manuscript, make sure all of the material in the paper either is original or is properly cited and has proper permission to be reproduced. If you have a question about the originality of any part of a manuscript, verify it with your coauthors. Senior authors should pay special attention to what the junior authors are doing and where they are sending their manuscripts.

If you realize you have made an error of dual publication or plagiarism inadvertently, proactively contact the editorial office. It is much better to come forward of your own volition than to have an accusation made against you.

If the journal learns of a case of plagiarism after publication, the journal will conduct an investigation. If plagiarism is found, the author, the author’s institution and funding agencies, and the original publication will be notified. A statement noting the plagiarism, providing a reference to the plagiarized material, and linking to the original to the original paper may follow. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

The use of “Cross Check” program is strategically helping us to discover instances of misconduct at the earliest stages of manuscript submission.

More details about the plagiarism and dual publications are in the article of Rohrich et al (2009).

2. Publication Ethics

2.1. Authorship

According to the International Committee on Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), an author is defined as one who has made substantive intellectual contribution to the development of a manuscript. The ICMJE guidelines state that “authorship credit should be based on:

1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; and

2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 

3) final approval of the version to be published; and

4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. 

Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4. If more than 10 authors are listed for any given manuscript, the overage will be relocated to the “Acknowledgment” section of the manuscript. Special exceptions to this rule can be sought via special request. After the initial submission of a manuscript, any changes whatsoever in authorship (adding author(s), deleting author(s), or re-arranging the order of authors) must be explained by a letter to the Editor from the authors concerned. This letter must be signed by all authors on the paper. 

Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology will consider name change requests for reasons including, but not limited to, gender identity, marriage, divorce, and religious conversion. 

Ghostwriting is not permitted by the journal. Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they have not been written by unacknowledged freelance writers. Guest authorship and “gift” authorship are also prohibited.

Professional writers and medical writers who contribute substantially to the writing or editing of a manuscript should be acknowledged with their permission or credited in the author list. The financial nature of their contract must be disclosed.

Any clinical manuscripts (the subjects of which are humans, not experimental papers, or manuscripts that have clinical implications or applications) have as its first and corresponding author a practicing physician(s). Coauthors from industry can certainly be included on a paper, but the corresponding author who takes ultimate senior responsibility on the paper must be a practicing clinical physician.

Senior/Corresponding authors must sign a form indicating that the author group listed is solely responsible for the generation of content of the article, and that the article was not ghostwritten and did not have any other unlisted authors. Authors accept responsibility and accountability for the content of the article; the authors- not an industry sponsor- have the final say in what goes into a manuscript. Severe penalties may be incurred if it is later discovered that authorship is not as it was attested to be.

 

By submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology the author(s) agrees with the placement of the published article in Open Access to the Internet on the conditions of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) International (download PDF and open link).

 

Academic Degrees for Authors

Please limit the total number of academic degrees to a maximum of three (3).

Corresponding Author Contact Information Page

On the second page, the complete name and address of the corresponding author, or the author who is responsible for handling reprints, must appear. This information must include an e-mail address.

Financial Disclosure and Products Page

On the third page of the manuscript, all sources of funds supporting the work and a statement of financial interest, if any, must be included for each author, along with a list of all products, devices, drugs, etc., used in the manuscript. All manuscripts must have all of this information.

Each author must disclose at the time of submission any commercial associations or financial disclosures that might pose or create a conflict of interest with information presented in any submitted manuscript. Such associations include consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interests, patent licensing arrangements, and payments for conducting or publicizing a study described in the manuscript. Authors must disclose any funding received for this work from any of the following organizations: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Wellcome Trust; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI); and other(s). This information will be printed with the article.

Much of this policy is adapted from the article “Authorship and Medical Ghostwriting: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Policy” (Sullivan and Rohrich, 2011). Please review this article for more information, definitions and assistance. Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology will follow the same authorship and ghostwriting policies as the peer-reviewed publication Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Author Contributions

Availability of contributor role information is a key part of oral and maxillofacial surgery study. In our journal`s policy we adhere to the author contributions principles highlighted in the work of Allen et al (2018) “How Can We Ensure Visibility and Diversity in Research Contributions? How the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) Is Helping the Shift from Authorship to Contributorship.” After specifying conflicts of interest the role of co-authors in writing of the article (concept and design of the study; material collection, mate­rial processing, statistical data processing, writing text, editing, etc.) should be designated.

2.2. How Our Journal Will Handle Complaints and Appeals

PRINCIPLES

We will abide by the following principles when investigating complaints and appeals:

  • Fairness: we will endeavour to treat all parties involved in a complaint fairly and to avoid bias either in process or outcome. We will avoid conflicts of interest.

  • Confidentiality: we will only disclose information necessary to resolve a complaint, and in accordance with The General Data Protection Regulations. 

  • Clarity: we will seek to be clear in all our communication, taking into account the needs of those we are communicating with.

  • Speed: we will endeavour to resolve complaints as quickly as possible. It should be noted that some investigations are complex and take time to resolve equitably (for example, allowing reasonable time for multiple parties to respond).

PROCESS

OMF Publishing will acknowledge receipt of an email sent to office@omfpublishing.com within 5 business days. Our Manager will then lead the investigation following COPE Guidelines. The investigation will establish whether the correct procedures have been followed and assess whether the author’s concerns have been addressed fairly and without prejudice. OMF Publishing will review the paper’s peer review history and any correspondence between the author, editor and reviewers. OMF Publishing may also contact the parties involved to obtain further information where necessary and in accordance with The General Data Protection Regulations.

The author will be advised of the outcome in writing. We aim to resolve issues as swiftly as possible or within six weeks, though please note sometimes investigations can take several weeks or more depending on the nature of the concern or complaint, the availability of relevant data and information, whether multiple authors and papers are involved, and possible involvement of the author’s institution or other external parties.

In the interest of allowing due process to take place, and investigations to proceed without prejudice, we respectfully request that anyone raising a concern or complaint allow the process to conclude before publicly commenting on the case.

If the author wishes to pursue their complaint further, they may contact COPE directly. Information can be found on the COPE website: Facilitation and Integrity Subcommittee | COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics.

2.3. Journal policies on conflicts of interest/competing interests

All sources of funds supporting the work and a statement of financial interest, if any, must be included for each author of a manuscript, along with a list of all products, devices, drugs, etc. used in the manuscript. All manuscripts must have this information. Each author is required at the time of submission to disclose any commercial associations or financial disclosures that might pose or create a conflict of interest with information presented in any submitted manuscript. Such associations include any of the following: consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest, patent licensing arrangements, payments for conduction or publicizing a study described in the manuscript, royalty recipient, grant recipient, employee, board member and review panel member.

2.4. Journal policies on data sharing and reproducibility

At OMF Publishing we are committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research.

  • By submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology the author(s) agrees with the placement of the published article in Open Access to the Internet on the conditions of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) International (download PDF and open link).

2.5. Journal’s Policy on Ethical Oversight

To ensure that the ethical standards of the journal are achieved, the editors of Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology provide ethical ethical oversight for the publication process.

Repository Policy

The journal has a policy that allows authors to place versions of their work in an institutional or other repository of their choice.

The journal's policy regarding different versions of an article:

  • Submitted version: The journal and publisher do not allow placement in an institutional or other repository.

  • Accepted version (author-accepted manuscript): The journal and publisher allow placement in an institutional or other repository.

  • Published version (Record version): The journal and publisher allow placement in an institutional or other repository.

Vulnerable Populations

Per the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), ethical oversight should include, but is not limited to, policies on consent to publication, publication on vulnerable populations, ethical conduct of research using animals, ethical conduct of research using human subjects, handling confidential data and ethical business/marketing practices.

For studies involving human or animal subjects, JSS requires that information about appropriate institutional review board approval be included with the submission or described within the article.

For research involving human subjects, authors should explain how informed consent was obtained from all participants.  Informed consent should be obtained if there is any reasonable possibility that complete anonymity cannot be maintained. The privacy of human subjects should never be violated without prior informed consent. Identifying information should be excluded from the study data unless the information is essential for the study purposes and the subject (or their legal representative has given prior written informed consent. However, subject information should never be falsified or modified. When informed consent has been given by the subjects, it should be included in the article.

Publication Misconduct

The Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (JDTOMP) is committed to detecting and preventing publication misconduct through its peer review and editing process. Peer reviews are instructed to perform routine checks for the following:

  • Plagiarism (i.e. using the ideas or work of others): Through routine use various online tools by peer reviewers. Reviewers should check for proper and adequate citations

  • Fabrication (i.e. making up data): Reviewers and editors should be cautious of “impressive” research results, and be aware of potential conflicts of interest. Raw data should be reviewed for signs of fabrication.

  • Falsification (i.e. manipulating research or modifying data): See recommendations for fabrication above. Reviewers should also check for unusual research methods or analysis methods.

  • Citation manipulation (see COPE guideline): Reviewers and editors will check for excessive self-citation, excessive citation of a single journal, and citations that do not support the research topic.

  • Peer review manipulation (see COPE statement): Peer reviewers are qualified per a screening process, and reviewer performance is monitored by JDTOMP editors.

  • Authorship misconduct: JDTOMP editors will implement the JDTOMP Authorship and Contributorship Policy

Reporting

Suspicion of violations of the ethical oversight policy should be made to Publisher (office@omfpublishing.com) via the Ethics Complaints and Appeals process.

2.6. Journal’s policy on intellectual property

JDTOMP requires authors  to make their article open access under one of the Creative Commons Licenses in order to meet the terms of open access publication and ensure the widest possible dissemination.

2.7. Journal’s options for post-publication discussions and corrections

Every article published by a OMF Publishing journal, or a journal published by us on behalf of a scholarly society, either in the print issue or online, constitutes the Published Journal Article: the final, definitive, and citable version in the scholarly record.

The Published Journal Article includes:

  • The paper, revised and accepted following peer-review, in its final form, including the abstract, text, references, bibliography, and all accompanying tables, illustrations, data.

  • Any supplemental material.

Recognizing a published article as a finalized Published Journal Article establishes the expectation that it can be relied upon as accurate, complete, and citable.

Sometimes after an article has been published it may be necessary to make a change to the Published Journal Article. This will be done after careful consideration by the Editor who is also supported by OMF Publishing staff to ensure any necessary changes are made in accordance with guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Any necessary changes will be accompanied with a post-publication notice which will be permanently linked to the original article so that readers will be fully informed of any necessary changes. This can be in the form of a Correction notice, an Expression of Concern, a Retraction and in rare circumstances a Removal. The purpose of this mechanism of making changes which are permanent and transparent is to ensure the integrity of the scholarly record.

All correction, expressions of concern and retraction notices are free to access at the point of publication.

Duplicate Publication

Manuscripts containing original material are accepted for consideration if neither the article nor any part of its essential substance, tables, or figures has been or will be published or submitted elsewhere before appearing in the Journal (in part or in full, in other words or in the same words, in English or in another language), and will not be submitted elsewhere unless rejected by the Journal or withdrawn by the author. Simultaneous submissions of the same article to multiple journals are prohibited. If an author violates this requirement or engages in similar misconduct, the Journal’s Editorial Board may reject the manuscript or impose a moratorium on acceptance of new manuscripts from the author. If it deems the misconduct sufficiently serious, the Editorial Board can refer the matter for investigation to the author’s academic institution or hospital, to the appropriate state or local disciplinary body, and/or to the Ethics Committee of the Ukrainian Association for Maxillofacial and Oral Surgeons.

A letter of permission is required for any and all material that has been published previously or is “in press” by another journal. It is the responsibility of the author to request permission from the publisher for any material that is being reproduced. This requirement applies to text, illustrations, and tables. These permissions must be supplied to the Journal upon submission of the article, along with ample acknowledgement of the original source of the materials in the legend and/or text.

To reiterate, any previously published material (including material published in foreign-language, open access, or e-journals) that is included in a submission to Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology needs to:

a) Clearly reference the original publication of the previously published material.

b) Be accompanied by a letter of permission from the copyright holder of the material. Any fee associated with permission to reuse previously published material is the responsibility of the author of the manuscript.

 If an author submits an article to Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology that contains material to which he or she holds the copyright (figures, material from articles published on open-access or e-journals, and so on), he or she needs to clearly indicate that he or she holds the copyright and provide Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology with written permission to use the previously copyrighted material. Authors retain copyright of all material published in Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.

All permission statements allowing Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology to publish previously published material must extend to all print and digital media (so that material can be both printed and placed on the journal’s website) and must not include any time limitations.

Plagiarism and Fabrication

Plagiarism is when an author passes off the work of someone else as his or her own. This can also include self-plagiarism, which happens when an author reuses portions of his or her previously published work without the proper references. Manuscripts containing plagiarized content will not be considered for publication in Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.

All authors need to take responsibility for their manuscripts. If your name is on a manuscript, make sure all of the material in the paper either is original or is properly cited and has proper permission to be reproduced. If you have a question about the originality of any part of a manuscript, verify it with your coauthors. Senior authors should pay special attention to what the junior authors are doing and where they are sending their manuscripts.

If you realize you have made an error of dual publication or plagiarism inadvertently, proactively contact the editorial office. It is much better to come forward of your own volition than to have an accusation made against you.

If the journal learns of a case of plagiarism after publication, the Journal will conduct an investigation. If plagiarism is found, the author, the author’s institution and funding agencies, and the original publication will be notified. A statement noting the plagiarism, providing a reference to the plagiarized material, and linking to the original to the original paper may follow. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

Image Integrity

Illustrations should be labeled clearly. Illustrations should be arranged symmetrically, in either “portrait” or “landscape” orientation. Before-and-after photographs should be identical in terms of size, position, and lighting. All illustrations must be accompanied by figure legends, to be attached at the end of the manuscript.

No photographs, digital or otherwise, should be substantively modified.

Graphics altering programs can be used to assemble multi-panel images, clean up dust specs from scanning in originals, and cropping. However, these programs should not be used improperly to attempt to modify results. Tools such as “clone stamping” can often be detected due to a trail of “smudged” skin tone. There is zero tolerance for abusing digital photo editing software to change the appearance of clinical results.

Photographs must be taken with appropriate lighting and must be clearly in focus.

Bioethics and Clinical Trial Registration

Human and Animal Studies
Experimental studies on humans must include a statement that the study was approved by an Institutional Review  Board (IRB) or ethics committee and that the subjects gave informed consent. Such approval should be described in the Methods section of the manuscript. In addition, for studies conducted with human subjects, the method by which informed consent was obtained from the participants (i.e., verbal or written) must be stated in the Methods section. Any systematic data gathering effort in patients or volunteers must be approved by an IRB or adhere to appropriate local/national regulations.

In situations where a formal IRB process is not available, the authors must indicate that the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki have been followed. More information regarding the Declaration of Helsinki can be found at http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html

Experimental work on animals must conform to the guidelines laid out in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which is available from the National Academy of Science; a text-only version is available at http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/labrats/. Adherence to all relevant regulations and/or approval of the appropriate institutional Animal Care Committee or governmental licensure of the investigator and/or laboratory must be obtained. A statement concerning such approval must be included at the beginning of the Methods section.

Registering Clinical Trials
Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology requires that all articles reporting results of clinical trials be registered in a public trials registry that is in conformity with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). All clinical trials, regardless of when they were completed, and secondary analyses of original clinical trials should be registered before submission of a manuscript based on the trial. Phase I trials designed to study pharmacokinetics or major toxicity are exempt. Registering your trial is easy, free of charge, and helps promote science among a wide range of researchers.

Manuscripts reporting on clinical trials (as defined above) should indicate that the trials are registered and include the registry information on a separate page, immediately following the authors’ financial disclosure information. Required registry information includes trial registry name, registration identification number, and the URL for the registry.

Trials should be registered in one of the following trial registries:

More information on registering clinical trials can be found in the following article: Rohrich RJ, Longaker MT. Registering clinical trials in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119(3):1097-9

Patient Consent for Identification in Photos, Videos, etc.

If patients in photographs or videos are identifiable, authors must obtain and provide to the Journal at the time of submission written consent from the patients. A standardized patient authorization form for the release of patient photographs and videos may be obtained from the Editorial Office or on-line at: https://dtjournal.org/. If an author chooses to use his or her own version for patient authorization, the form must include permission to use photographs for all types of media including but not limited to the following: print, visual, electronic, or broadcast media. Also, details in text that might identify patients, including but not limited to names, initials, and hospital numbers, must not be used unless essential for scientific purposes. If identification of patients is unavoidable, informed consents from the patients must be obtained.

  • Patient authorization and permission is needed to reproduce any photograph of a patient's face or identifiable body part. An identifiable tattoo on an otherwise unidentifiable body part effectively identifies the patient; patient permissions are required for these patients too. Photographs with bars placed over the eyes of patients are not allowed in place of patient authorization and permission.

  • If "deidentification" by sufficient cropping of a patient’s features is not possible, the authors need to obtain authorization and consent from the patient. If the patient cannot be located or refused to provide consent and authorization, the photograph must not be included in the manuscript submission.

In the event that the patient cannot provide consent due to death or legal incompetency (this includes photographs of corpses), permission from the power of attorney is needed as well as proof of power of attorney.

Embargo Policy

Any content submitted to the Journal must not be discussed with the media until the paper has published (online or in print, whichever occurs first). The Journal reserves the right to halt the consideration or publication of a paper if this policy is broken. If your paper is newsworthy, you may recommend a press release to the Editor or Editorial Office. You or your institution may also arrange for your own publicity; however you must strictly adhere to the Journal’s embargo policy and are advised to notify the Editorial Office if you or your institution chooses to conduct a press release.

Correction and Retraction Policy

Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology takes full responsibility to correct errors as they occur. Content that is published online or in an issue is considered the final published record and must be preserved; therefore all changes to articles must be made as a formal correction. Corrections will be published online and in the next available issue and will be bi-directionally linked to the original article.

Corrections will be reviewed and considered if they affect the publication record, the scientific integrity of the paper, or the reputation of the authors, or of the journal.  Corrections that do not significantly affect the paper may not be approved (i.e. a spelling error).

Retractions will be considered if results are invalid or ethical guidelines have been violated (i.e. applicable cases of plagiarism or ghostwriting). All coauthors must sign a retraction detailing the error and how the conclusions were affected.

All decisions about corrections or retractions are made by the Editor. Author consultation may be required. In situations where coauthors disagree about a correction, the Editors will consult with independent peer-reviewers before applying the appropriate correction. The dissenting author(s) position will be noted on the correction.

DUTIES OF AUTHORS

Reporting Standards – the authors of manuscripts should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the manuscript. The manuscript should contain sufficient details and references to permit others to replicate the study. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention – authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism – the authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication – an author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources – proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship of the Paper – authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made contributions should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are listed in the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects – if the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest – all authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works – when an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.