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Vol. 8, Issue 5

Volume 8, Issue 5

Pages 53–64

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CPD

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for Ukrainian Stomatologists (Dentists) and Maxillofacial Surgeons: Criteria for Awarding CPD Points as of 2024

Ievgen I. Fesenkoa, ... Serhii Irkhac more
a Ievgen I. Fesenko

Doctor Stomatologist-Surgeon (DSS), PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyiv Medical University, Private Higher Educational Establishment, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-1632. Correspondence: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Kyiv Medical University, Private Higher Educational Establishment, 2 Boryspolska Street, Kyiv 02000, Ukraine. E-mail: y.fesenko@kmu.edu.ua (Ievgen Fesenko)

b Natalia Marchenko

Doctor Stomatologist-Therapist (DST), PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology, Kyiv Medical University, Private Higher Educational Establishment, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-5529

c Serhii Irkha

Doctor Prosthodontist (DP), PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Kyiv Medical University, Private Higher Educational Establishment, Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0330-6332

May 31, 2024

J Diagn Treat Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024;8: 53–64.

DOI: 10.23999/j.dtomp.2024.5.2

Under a Creative Commons license

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Fesenko II, Marchenko N, Irkha S. Continuing professional development (CPD) for Ukrainian stomatologists (dentists) and maxillofacial surgeons: criteria for awarding CPD points as of 2024. J Diagn Treat Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2024 May;8(5):53–64. https://doi.org/10.23999/j.dtomp.2024.5.2

National Repository of Academic Texts

https://nrat.ukrintei.ua/en/searchdoc/2024U000053/ (in English)

INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY

https://ir.kmu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/320

ABSTRACT. ABSTRACT IN UKRAINIAN (PDF).

Continuing professional development (CPD) of Ukrainian doctors-stomatologists (dentists) and maxillofacial surgeons is a continuous process of learning and improving the professional competencies of stomatologists and maxillofacial surgeons, which enables them to maintain or increase the level of professional activity in accordance with the needs of the health care sector. CPD can be both voluntary and mandatory, depending on the dental legislation of each European country. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the key legislation aspects of CPD related with criteria for awarding CPD points to the Ukrainian doctors of all eight stomatological specialties. The number of required CPD points and criteria for awarding CPD points are regulated by (1) Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine of February 22, 2019, No. 446 “Some Issues of CPD of Doctors” and by (2) the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of July 14, 2021, No. 725 “On Approval of the Regulation on the System of CPD of Healthcare Workers”. In 2024, at least 100 CPD points obtained in 2020, 2021 and at least 50 CPD points obtained in 2022, 2023 must be submitted by stomatologist for certification. In 2025 and subsequent years, at least 50 CPD points for each previous year must be submitted for certification. All 10 types of professional activities from the criteria for awarding CPD points are described. CPD points are awarded for obtaining formal, informal (type 1) and informal (type 2) education in the field of healthcare. The biggest number of points (namely, 100 CPD points) can be awarded to a stomatologist for obtaining educational and scientific levels of higher education in the field of knowledge “Health Care” (Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Science). The smallest number of points, namely three CPD points, can be obtained for a professional medical internship in Ukraine outside the institution where the employee works. Modern Ukrainian legislation provides ample opportunities for doctors-stomatologists and maxillofacial surgeons for their CPD and certification.The criteria for awarding CPD points from Order No. 446 contain a complete list of educational opportunities in Ukraine and in other countries. This article has the potential to become a guide to Ukrainian CPD legislation both for dental specialists from other countries and Ukraine.

KEY WORDS

Continuing professional development (CPD); continuous professional development (CPD); CPD points; dental continuing professional development; criteria for awarding CPD points; continuing medical education; continuing dental education; continuing education; procedure for certification of doctors

1. INTRODUCTION

Continuing professional development (CPD) of health care workers is a continuous process of learning and improving the professional competencies of health care workers, which enables them to maintain or increase the level of professional activity in accordance with the needs of the health care sector [1].This is the definition of CPD in Ukraine according to the Regulation “On the System of CPD of Health Care Workers,” which was approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 14, 2021, No. 725 [1]. CPD is also known as continuous professional development (CPD) [2] and continued professional development (CPD) [3]. The European Union (EU) literature sources defined CPD in dentistry as a lifelong learning process [4, 5]. Data sources suggests a move towards mandatory CPD across Europe with the objective of harmonisation of CPD in dentistry [5]. In Ukraine, according to Resolution No. 725, CPD is mandatory for doctors of all eight stomatological (dental) specialties. Namely, for doctors-stomatologists, pediatric doctors-stomatologists, doctors-stomatologists-orthodontists, doctors-stomatologists-therapists, doctors-stomatologists-prosthodontists, doctors-stomatologists-periodontists [6], doctors-stomatologists-surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons [7, 8].

 

In 2018, before the acceptace and implementation of the new CPD-related legislation, the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine has stated:

 

“A new system of CPD will encourage  the integration of Ukrainian doctors into the international professional  community [2].”

 

So, in this way, the legislative regulation of this, CPD, aspect of the dental specialty became an important step for Ukraine towards its synchronization with EU legislation. In most EU states, the CPD is also mandatory [7].

 

European Union of Medical Specialists (Brussels, Belgium, EU), a non-governmental organisation representing national associations of medical specialists in the EU and in associated countries, is emphasizing the next thesis about CPD:

 

“As progress in medicine becomes ever faster, the necessity to up-date ones knowledge is even greater. It has been estimated that about half of all medical knowledge is out of date within five years [9].”

 

Since there is no information in English-language literary sources about the CPD of dentists (stomatologists) in Ukraine and the criteria for awarding CPD points, and in order to form a full-fledged analysis of the state of CPD in various EU countries and countries that are candidates for joining the EU, it is expedient to publish an English-language analysis of the criteria for awarding CPD points for dentists in Ukraine, as a candidate country for joining the EU.

 

So, the purpose of this article is to highlight the key legislation aspects of CPD related with criteria for awarding CPD points to the Ukrainian doctors of stomatological specialties.

2. DISCUSSION

2.1 Legislation

 

For the legal regulation of the system of CPD in the field of health care in Ukraine, the below mentioned Decisions, Regulations, and Orders served and serve.

 

No longer valid

 

  1. Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated December 19, 1997, No. 359 “On Further Improvement of the Certification (Attestation) of Doctors,” registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on January 14, 1998, under No. 14/2454 [10].
  2. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 28, 2018, No. 302 “On Approval of the Regulation on the System of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of Specialists in the Field of Healthcare” [11].

  • “Regulation on the System of CPD of Healthcare Workers” approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 14, 2021, No. 725 [11].

 

Valid

 

1. Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine of February 22, 2019, No. 446 “Some Issues of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of Doctors” (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine of August 18, 2021, No. 1753) [12]. Order No. 446 with changes introduced in accordance with the Orders of the Ministry of Healthcare:

 

1.1. No. 1106 dated 12.05.2020.

1.2. No. 74 dated 19.01.2021.

1.3. No. 1753 dated 18.08.2021.

1.4. No. 520 dated 24.03.2022.

1.5. No. 1640 dated 09.09.2022.

1.6. No. 1555 dated 31.08.2023.

 

  • “The Procedure for the Certification (Attestation) of Doctors” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated February 22, 2019, No. 446 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated August 18, 2021, No. 1753) [12]. The Procedure includes description of:

(1) Certificate sheet (Appendix 1).

(2) Personal educational portfolio (Appendix 2).

(3) Certificate (Appendix 3).

(4) Criteria for awarding CPD points (Appendix 4).

 

2. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of July 14, 2021, No. 725 “On Approval of the Regulation on the System of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of Healthcare Workers” (Fig 1) [1]. The name of the Resolution with changes introduced in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 1036 of 29.09.2023. With changes introduced in accordance with Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine:

 

2.1. No. 1036 dated 29.09.2023.

2.2. No. 1314 dated 15.12.2023.

2.3. No. 315 dated 22.03.2024.

 

2.2 Number of CPD Points for Certification in 2024

 

In 2024, at least 100 CPD points obtained in 2020, 2021 and at least 50 CPD points obtained in 2022, 2023 must be submitted by stomatologist for certification [12]. In 2025 and subsequent years, at least 50 CPD points for each previous year must be submitted for certification [12].

 

2.3 Criteria for Awarding CPD Points

 

Table 1 describes all 10 types of professional activities among the criteria for awarding CPD points according to the Appendix 4 to the Procedure for Certification of Doctors (Paragraph 4 of Chapter VI) [12]. CPD points are awarded for obtaining formal, informal (type 1) and informal (type 2) education in the field of health care [1]. The largest number of types of professional activities (n = 8) among informal education (type 1) (also known as non-formal education).

TABLE 1. Criteria for Awarding Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Points. Appendix 4 to the Procedure for Certification of Doctors (Paragraph 4 of Chapter VI) [12]. The data of Appendix 4 in the edition of Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine No. 1753 dated August 18, 2021. (Table 1 continued on next image.)

TABLE 1 (continued). Criteria for Awarding Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Points. Appendix 4 to the Procedure for Certification of Doctors (Paragraph 4 of Chapter VI) [12]. The data of Appendix 4 in the edition of Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine No. 1753 dated August 18, 2021.

* The number of points for activities that take place in high-income countries (according to the World Bank rating) or are accredited abroad or in Ukraine by EACCME/ACCME/RCPSC or certified by ERC/ILCOR/AHA when calculating the total number of points is multiplied by two.

 

EACCME, The European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (CME), European Union.

ACCME, The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, United States.

RCPSC, The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Canada.

ERC, European Resuscitation Council.

ILCOR, International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.

AHA, American Heart Association.

 

** The maximum number of points is not limited, but no more than the number of points indicated in the Table 1 is taken into account towards the annual mandatory minimum of CPD points.

 

*** Only for trainers who have received certificates from international organizations.

 

**** Taking into account points for advanced training at cycles of thematic improvement in institutions (faculties) of postgraduate education, including mixed forms of education (full-time and distance), will be carried out no more than two times per five years, regardless of the number of completed cycles of thematic improvement. This restriction on the accrual of CPD points begins to apply from the date of entry into force of this order.

 

The list of high-income countries as of April 28, 2024:

 

  1. High income United Nations (UN) members: Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay.

  2. High income non-UN members: American Samoa, Aruba, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Curaçao, Faroe Islands, French Polynesia, Gibraltar, Greenland, Guam, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Macao, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, Sint Maarten, Taiwan, Turks and Caicos Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands.

 

2.5 Analysis of the Criteria and EU trends in CPD

 

According to the Ukrainian CPD legislation, CPD point is a unit of measurement of acquired theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the process of CPD [1]. Criteria in Table 1 shows us that the biggest number of points (namely, 100 CPD points) can be awarded to a doctor for obtaining educational and scientific levels of higher education in the field of knowledge “Health Care” (Doctor of Philosophy [PhD] and Doctor of Science [ScD]) [12]. The smallest number of points, namely three CPD points, can be obtained for a professional medical internship in Ukraine outside the institution where the employee works [12].

 

Meli Attartd and colleagues (2020) emphasized, CPD can be subdivided into “verifiable” and “non-verifiable or general” CPD [4]. The activities presented in the Table 1 belongs to verifiable CPD.

 

In some countries, like United Kingdom (UK), the dentist undertake the CPD hours [13], in Ukraine the dentist collect CPD points. At the same time, according to the Ukrainian criteria for awarding CPD points, it can be noted that in some types of professional activity there may be a dependence of the number of points awarded on the number of hours spent in professional development. For example, 1 point for 2 hours with distance learning using electronic learning resources [12]. The requirement for UK dentists to undertake a minimum of 250 hours of CPD over a five year period [13]. At the same time in 2024, at least 100 CPD points obtained in 2020, 2021 and at least 50 CPD points obtained in 2022, 2023 must be submitted by Ukrainian dentist for certification [12].

 

Ignacio García-Espona and colleagues (2023) are emphasizing, that nowadays, the dental specialties situation remains in constant change all around Europe [14]. In fact, the situation in Europe is somewhat similar with CPD. Over the past decades, a huge number of articles devoted to various aspects and evolution of CPD in Europe and the world have been published [15–31].

 

Some journals, like British Dental Journal, established a CPD program to enable all local dental practitioners to collect a maximum of 48 hours of verifiable CPD per annum [13, 32–33]. Each issue of such journal contains two articles that have been selected by the editorial board for verifiable CPD, with four multiple choice questions linked to each paper [32]. Quizzes can be found on the British Dental Association's CPD Hub and is available for association members [34, 35]. Dentists receive one verifiable CPD hour per paper, giving a potential total of two CPD hours per one journal issue [32]. This approach is interesting and worth developing in peer-reviewed journals, both in relation to case reports [36] and original research [37].

 

According to the Criteria [12], verifiable CPD is also possible by distance learning using electronic educational resources. The number of points counted towards the mandatory annual minimum must not exceed 15 points for Ukrainian-language and 20 points for English-language events [12]. In the conditions of pandemics [22, 38] and wars [39], the online CPD method saves travel, time, money and makes CPD for dentists safe [27, 28, 30].

 

It is important to continue the analysis of CPD both in Ukraine and in every other European state, as this will help better interstate understanding in specialties and help synchronize dental legislation within the EU space. Thus, the movement of dentists within European states will be even more facilitated and even will make possible to have the private dental practice offices [41] in multiple states. As one of the conclusions, we would like to give the definition of CPD according to the UK National Health Service Executive one [19, 41]:

 

“CPD is a process of lifelong learning for all individuals and teams which meets the needs of patients and delivers the health outcomes and healthcare priorities ... And which enables professionals to expand and fulfil their potential [39].”

 

Many other parts of Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine of February 22, 2019, No. 446 and Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of July 14, 2021, No. 725 also require analysis, clarification and comparison with international trends, which will require the preparation of subsequent publications.

3. CONCLUSION

Modern Ukrainian legislation provides ample opportunities for doctors-stomatologists and maxillofacial surgeons for their CPD and certification. The Criteria for Awarding CPD points contain a complete list of educational opportunities in Ukraine and in other countries. CPD points can be earned both when attending one-day professional events (conferences, symposia, meetings, and congresses) and even after publishing articles and defending PhD or ScD theses. 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Ievgen I. Fesenko: Conceptualization; writing – original draft. Natalia Marchenko: Conceptualization; writing – review and editing. Serhii Irkha: Conceptualization; writing – review and editing.

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ABSTRACT IN UKRAINIAN

Безперервний професійний розвиток (БПР) українських лікарів-стоматологів та лікарів-хірургів щелепно-лицевих – це безперервний процес навчання та вдосконалення професійних компетенцій лікарів-стоматологів та лікарів-хірургів щелепно-лицевих, що дає їм змогу підтримувати або підвищувати рівень професійної діяльності відповідно до потреб сфериохорони здоров’я. БПР може бути як добровільним, так і обов’язковим, залежно від стоматологічного законодавства кожної європейської країни. Метою цієї роботи є висвітлення ключових законодавчих аспектів БПР, пов’язаних із критеріями нарахування балів БПР українським лікарям усіх восьми стоматологічних спеціальностей. Кількість необхідних балів БПР та критерії нарахування балів БПР регулюються (1) Наказом Міністерства охорони здоров’я України від 22 лютого 2019 р. № 446 «Деякі питання безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів» та (2) Постановою Кабінету Міністрів України від 14 липня 2021 р. № 725«Про затвердження Положення про систему безперервного професійного розвитку працівниківсфери охорони здоров’я». У 2024 році для атестації лікар-стоматолог та лікар-хірург щелепно-лицевий повинен надати щонайменше 100 балів БПР, отриманих у 2020, 2021 роках, та щонайменше 50 балів БПР, отриманих у 2022, 2023 роках. У 2025 та наступних роках для атестації необхідно подавати щонайменше 50 балів БПР за кожен попередній рік. Описано всі 10 видів професійної діяльності з критеріїв нарахування балів БПР. Бали БПР нараховуються за отримання формальної, неформальної та інформальної освіти в сфері охорони здоров’я. Найбільшу кількість балів, а саме 100 балів БПР, може отримати лікар-стоматолог за здобуття освітньо-наукового та наукового рівнів вищої освіти галузі знань «Охорона здоров’я» (доктора філософії та доктора наук). Найменшу кількість балів, а саме три бали БПР, можна отримати за проходження професійної медичної практики в Україні поза закладом, де працює працівник. Сучасне українське законодавство надає широкі можливості лікарям-стоматологам та щелепно-лицевим хірургам для їх БПР та атестації. Критерії нарахування балів БПР з Наказу № 446 містять повний перелік освітніх можливостей в Україні та інших країнах. Ця стаття може стати довідником із законодавства України в сфері БПР як для стоматологів з інших країн, так і України.

KEY WORDS IN UKRAINIAN

Безперервний професійний розвиток (БПР); бали БПР; БПР лікаря-стоматолога; БПР лікаря-хірурга щелепно-лицевого; критерії нарахування балів БПР; безперервна медична освіта; безперервна стоматологічна освіта; безперервна освіта; порядок атестації лікарів